C. Vann Woodwards The Strange Career of Jim Crow Essay -- Woodward St

C. Vann Woodward's The Strange Career of Jim Crow In the field of history, it is rare that an author actually comes to shape the events discussed in their writing. However, this was the case for C. Vann Woodward and his book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. First published in 1955, it discusses this history of race relations in America, more specifically the Jim Crow laws he equates with the segregation of races. Woodward argues that segregation itself was a fairly new development within the South, and did not begin until after Reconstruction ended. He further argues that since the South has seen so much change, citing the Civil War, Reconstruction, and the development of the Jim Crow laws, it is possible for more changes to occur in a movement away from segregation. Though to a modern reader this seems like a logical argument following the events of history as they occurred, it must be remembered that Woodward was writing during the time period in which all of this was happening and nothing was certain. As William S. McFeely states in his afterword, what Woodward â€Å"so modestly stated, was, in fact, a call for the overthrow of what was perceived to be the very grounding of Southern society.† Unlike most historians, Woodward wrote about segregation and the Civil Rights Movement with such proximity that he came to affect public opinion of the time period as well as the final outcome of events. Furthermore, Woodward wrote with what we can now see to be accurate foresight as well as with a clear understanding of historical writing and the challenges it can pose. In order to support his argument that Jim Crow laws were not developed during the era of slavery in the South, the traditional belief, but rather later in ... ...ctive. But someone has to make a beginning.† Making a beginning is exactly what C. Vann Woodward accomplished with the publication of The Strange Career of Jim Crow. A Southerner, he rebelled against other interpretations, unafraid of provoking anger or disagreement during his era. It is his work which laid the groundwork for future publications and in turn greatly influenced Americans’ opinions of his era and thereafter. Any criticisms of his interpretations would be due to his inability to see the future, and these were usually mistakes he attempted to remedy through revisions and later publications of the book, which, in a true testament to its importance, has yet to go out of print. When the rare occurrence of a historical work affecting the course of history occurs, such as this one, the importance of both the work and the historian becomes clear.

Brahms Symphony No.3 Programme Note

â€Å"Many music lovers will prefer the titanic force of the first symphony; others the untroubled charm of the second, but the third strikes me at being artistically the most nearly perfect. † – Edward Hanslick, music critic. Brahms’ third symphony was long awaited by his fans, after a six year break from his second symphony. It is neither forceful, nor charming. It is a strange, non-traditional work. Its opening is reminiscent of Schumann’s â€Å"Rhenish†, making us wonder, why? Is it an homage to his friend? Or is it yet another alleged reference to Clara Schumann?The premier was one to remember. On December 2nd, 1883, under the conducting of Hans Richter, the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra debuted the symphony to fans and hecklers alike. Even with the death of long time enemy Richard Wagner the feud lingered on. Wagner fans chose that night to attempt an interference. However, it was unsuccessful and the show was a hit. After the premier, Brahms polished the score several times before releasing a final copy in may of 1884. There are many strange attributes to this relatively short piece.The first obvious one is the third movement; it is a poco allegretto, which is unusual for the time period. The other is the repeated use of an F- Ab – F motive, which gives a diminished sound that is completely unexpected. The motive (F – Ab – F) is said to be derived from a saying of Brahms’ close friend Joseph Joachim, â€Å"Free, but lonely† or â€Å"Frei aber einsam†. Taking the first three letters of each word you get F- A- E. This short motive Brahms, Schumann and Dietrich used to compose a violin sonata in honor of their friend.Brahms later declared himself â€Å"Free, but happy† or â€Å"Frei aber froh†. This gives us the motive F – A – F. Why, then, does Brahms choose to use an Ab instead of natural A? Probably because the Ab gives his harmony a non–tradit ional sound. Instead of the regular chord progression he uses an F major chord to a diminished 7th. This should resolve to a C major, but instead it goes back to F major. It then slides to an F minor chord, and then to an unexpected Db minor chord before another diminished 7th, finally resolving to C major, as it should.This motive is heard throughout the symphony, whether quite obvious as in the first three bars, or in the bass line as in bars 4-6. This unusual chord progression also explains why the last movement is in F minor, instead of the expected F major. The final movement of this piece leads you to think of dark, dramatic struggle due to the F minor. Rather than a tragic ending, he lets the clouds part and brings back the motive of F – Ab – F, and finishes his symphony as it began.The finale is lyrical, passionate and rich in melody. The motive is quoted just before the recapitulation and the symphony ends very peacefully. Julie White Symphony No. 3, Free Scor es at The International Music Score Library Project. Leonard Burkat; notes for the 1998 recording (Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra) Kamien R, (2000) Johannes Brahms. In Music: An Appreciation (9th edition, P. 352) McGraw- Hill Walter Frisch. Brahms: The Four Symphonies, New Haven: Yale University Press (2003) : 91 – 114

Occipital Lobes and Visual Perception

The occipital lobes are one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex. These lobes are vital for receiving, processing, and interpreting sensory information. The occipital lobes are positioned at the posterior region of the cerebral cortex and are the main centers for visual processing. In addition to the occipital lobes, posterior portions of the parietal lobes and temporal lobes are also involved in visual perception. Location Directionally, the occipital lobes are positioned posterior to the  temporal lobes  and inferior to the  parietal lobes. They are located in the largest  division of the brain  known as the forebrain (prosencephalon). Located within the occipital lobes is the primary visual cortex. This region of the brain receives visual input from the retina. These visual signals are interpreted in the occipital lobes. Function The occipital lobes are involved in several functions of the body including: Visual PerceptionColor RecognitionReadingReading ComprehensionDepth PerceptionRecognition of Object Movement The occipital lobes receive and interpret visual information. Vision is the ability to detect images of visible light. The eyes transmit this information via nerve impulses to the visual cortex. The visual cortex takes this information and processes it so that we are able to determine colors, identify objects, identify shapes, and other aspects of visual perception. The visual information is then sent to the parietal lobes and temporal lobes for further processing. The parietal lobes use this visual information in conjunction with motor processes to perform such tasks as opening a door or brushing your teeth. The temporal lobes help to connect the visual information received with memories. Occipital Lobe Injuries Damage to the occipital lobes may result in a number of vision-related problems. Some of these issues include the inability to discern colors, vision loss, visual hallucinations, inability to identify words, and distorted visual perception.

Anthony Giddens Biography of British Sociologist

Are Serial Killers Born Or Made - 1885 Words

Are Serial Killers Born or Made? Are serial killers determined by nature or nurture – are they born? Or are they made? It is hypothesized that serial killers are made by the environment that they grow up in but that they all have a predisposition to sociopathic tendencies. This research paper aims to provide support for previous studies about the extent to which nature and nurture influence and determine the likelihood of a person becoming a serial killer. The term serial killer, as defined by Robert Ressler (1974), refers to a person who commits a series of murders, often with no apparent motive and typically following a characteristic and predictable behaviour pattern. Commonly used terms like sociopath and psychopath are no longer†¦show more content†¦In the 1980s the very first functional brain scanning study of killers was carried out by British neuroscientist, Professor Adrian Raine. The Professor and his team scanned the brain of many killers and found that all the scans were quite similar (Appendix D); they then compared them to the brain scans of people who weren’t convicted murderers (Appendix E). These scans support Dr Richard Davidsons findings related to the anterior cingulated cortex, orbital frontal cortex, and amygdale. The results showed that serial killers appear to have brains which make them more prone to anger and rage and unable to control themselves (Davidson. 2000). Raine suggested that childhoo d abuse may have caused physical damage to the brain, which caused the subjects to be predisposed to violent tendencies, however, only a small proportion of those who had a terrible childhood grew up to become murderers. In 1993, a family from the Netherlands found that all the men had a history of violence. After 15 years of research, it was discovered that all the men lacked the same gene which produces an enzyme called monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) which regulates the levels of neurotransmitters involved in impulse control (n/a. 2015). Jim Fallon, a professor of psychiatry in California, discovered that there were many murderers in his family tree and so decided to have himself geneticallyShow MoreRelatedSerial Killers, Are They Born or Made?3551 Words   |  15 PagesResearch paper Serial Killers: Are They Born or Made? There are many theories as to why people become serial killers. Almost all of these concepts are associated with the Nature vs. Nurture theory. Are serial killers born with the need to kill, or is it something that they learn to long for as they grew up? Many believe that the nurture theory is the likely concept to believe; that serial killers are created from bad childhood experiences including being abused by their parents, or molested at anRead MoreSerial Killers: Are They Born Or Made?. There Are Multiple1230 Words   |  5 PagesSerial Killers: Are They Born or Made? There are multiple theories as to why or how a person can become a serial killer. A serial killer can be a person who murders at least three or more people over a long period of time (Ramsland). Are serial killers born with the need to kill or is it a result of a horrific childhood? These two concepts are associated with the nature vs. nurture theory. â€Å"People on the side of nurture are of the opinion that our environment determines who a person is and becomes†Read MoreEssay Are Serial Killers Born or Made?1560 Words   |  7 PagesEvidence that was gathered from books such as â€Å"Inside the Minds of Mass Murderers† and â€Å"Inside the Minds of Serial Killers,† both written by Kathertine Ramsland, provide information and evidence that killers are in fact made, not born. Some of the reasons that people believe that killers are made and not born are due to research by many psychiatrists on serial killers and mass murderers who are on death roe that have com mitted some of the most heinous crimes. One argument is that there is a set ofRead MoreSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 Pages like serial killers, and what drives them to do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk about the nature side and the nurture side of the debate. What is a serial killer? Eric Hickey (2012) in â€Å"Serial Killers: Defining Serial Murder† defines what a serial killer is exactlyRead MoreA Serial Killers Characteristics Begin at Childhood800 Words   |  3 PagesChildhood Characteristic of Serial killers The basic definition of Serial Killers are that it is a group of people who’s work is just to kill, kill and kill innocent people over a longer period of time without being wedged or bunged. They are not like mass murderers, who may kill many people at one time - majority of the time because of circumstantial behavior. Serial Killers are completely a different from traditional or mass murderers they always make a proper plan and they are very specificRead MoreSerial Killer And Serial Killers Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica has some of the most infamous serial killers who marked history, serial killers who once didn’t even think to harm any human being. Many people grow up differently from others, some people grow up in a safe environment surrounded with caring people and others grow up in a completely different environment being missed treated by others, therefore are serial killers made or born? A serial killer is defined as â€Å"a person who commits more than three murders over a period that spans more thanRead MoreWhat Makes A Person A Serial Killer? Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesWhat makes a person a Serial Killer?How are serial killers caused? Serial Killers are people who kill at least 3 people in separate events with a very little cooling off period between each kill. The kills are performed in a unique fashion and the the serial killer has something that they are known for called a signature.Serial Killers are frightening psychopaths because they don t show human emotions-empathy, conscience, or remorse.What makes a serial killer different then regular peopleRead More Serial Killers: Monsters or Mentally Ill Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pages Studies show that traits of a serial killer can be seen in a person at a very young age. Most warning signs go unnoticed which is why the growth of the killer continues. A thing such as animal cruelty is one of man y clues inside the growth of a serial killers mind â€Å"They often start out their careers by maiming, harming, and torturing small animals.† â€Å"In extreme cases, they have been known to spend hours inflicting a slow death on animals...this is a form of control that allows them the power toRead MoreSilence of the Lambs and Mr. Brooks Essay718 Words   |  3 Pages1 Juan Luna Park University Serial Killers as Heroes in Popular Culture LE 300J Ms. Silvia Kofler November 2, 2012 Unit 2: Week 2 - Reader Response - Assignment 1 A serial killer could be dining, sitting, or even living next to you at this very moment. Most killers offer little to no obvious clues that will lead anyone to detect their often secretive, undercover actions. I ask myself, â€Å"How can we be so naive to these types of people?† Serial killers amongst us are often well educatedRead MoreThe Minds Of Serial Killers1147 Words   |  5 Pagesdark mind of Jeffrey Dahmer, he murdered not in hatred, vengeance, or financial enrichment but on pure impulse and lust. Forensic psychoanalysts have picked apart the minds of serial killers to find answers as to what causes them to carry out such perverse acts. Many believe it is impervious for an innocent adolescent to be born with the capability to commit a heinous act suchlike murder. But how could we depraved humanity so much as to turn an innocent child into a homicidal lunatic? This theory has

Challenges Facing the Youth Free Essays

Bill Henry ENC 1101 4th period Would you agree that in society today, there are several challenges facing the youth? Due to the economy and state standards, it has become harder for the youth to not only set goals but to accomplish the task which they have set for themselves. Graduation rates are lower, college enrollment is declining, and unemployment rates are increasing. One challenge facing today’s youth is that graduation rates are gradually decreasing yearly because school is becoming harder due to new state standards. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges Facing the Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now As of the year 2012-2013, eleventh grade students have been required to take a test called the PERT. The PERT test assesses students on the three basic subjects: math, reading, and writing skills. To display college readiness it is required that a student at least makes a 113 in math, 104 in reading, and a 99 in writing. If you fail to obtain the recommended score in these subject areas and your ACT scores are lower than average, you will be placed in remedial courses your senior year. Not all students are great test takers; therefore, for most students this may be a challenge. Yet another challenge is declining college enrollment. Many young adults feel as though college is not for them due to the hard time they may have had in high school. Not only that, the cost of tuition is extremely high. Between 2000–01 and 2010–11, prices for undergraduate tuition, room, and board at public institutions rose 42 percent. Most young adults cannot afford it, especially those who are forced to be on their own after high school. Another challenge that is facing the youth is increasing unemployment rates. In a 2011 news story, BusinessWeek reported, â€Å"More than 200 million people globally are out of work, a record high, as almost two-thirds of advanced economies and half of developing countries are experiencing a slowdown in employment growth†. Nowadays, most jobs require that you have a high school diploma to work. Not everyone finishes high school! Many students in previous years are satisfied with a GED. These young adults with GED’s have now encountered a problem with job finding. Due to the economy and state standards, graduation rates are lower, college enrollment is declining, and unemployment rates are increasing. Yes, I definitely agree that in society today, there are several challenges facing the youth. How to cite Challenges Facing the Youth, Papers

Edgar Allan Poe free essay sample

Allan Poe’s Place in the Literary Canon Notwithstanding his contributions as a literary critic and the originator of the short story, Edgar Allan Poe was considered one of the greatest writers of the American Romantic Period because of the significant contributions to the genres of mystery and the modern detective story. Many scholars of literature ceaselessly search for authors, writers, and literary pieces appropriating a high regard for this art form of the elite. Reasons for this are for study, for pleasure, and even as a model for other, more modern works. Edgar Allan Poe is most, if not all, of what litterateurs are looking for in an author and so he certainly deserves his place in today’s literary canon. If serious writers consider Poe a gold standard in literature, then there is absolutely no reason that college students should think otherwise. Edgar Allan Poe should be included in today’s literary canon because he is a pioneer in literary genre; his critiques are the basis for the development of many literary theories, and because of his significant contributions to the literary corpus. As a pioneer in literary genre, Poe initiated the evolution of the short story and also the modern detective story. He remains today one of the most popular mystery writers in history, and his contributions to literature and the mystery genre cannot be underestimated. Prior to Edgar Allan Poe, most literature patrons looked down on the dark and gothic prose, in particular, those belonging to the horror and the mystery genre, because of the moods and morals that these evoked. With the emergence of Poe as a mystery and horror fictionist, the genre began to enjoy attention unprecedented in the years prior. Poe was able to give to horror and mystery what Shakespeare gave to poetry and to theater. â€Å"Many pieces of literature that deal with death and the gloominess of the world do not always appeal to audiences. However, Poe’s contribution to literature has proven to be loved and appreciated by many over the span of time. † (Rosello) This could be attributed to the techniques used by Poe in both his prose and his literature that stood firm even through the closest scrutiny. Therefore, despite the dark subjects tackled in his pieces, his work remained faithful to the time-respected standards of literature. In addition, Poe is viewed as one of the most important of American authors in the Gothic tradition. While there were many other writers who wrote in this tradition, Poe was able to take the genre and remove from it the sloppiness and inconsistencies found in many Gothic pieces of his time. Poe had raised the bar for this kind of literature by imbuing it with elegance and painful attention to detail and emotions. His desire to use his pieces to convey emotions had even gone into a more personal level as these â€Å"reflect the mood and genre he desired to create in his literature conveyed his own character. † (Rosello) This meant that Poe’s gothic pieces were a reflection of his true self and hence, were very honest to the most intimate level, which was often uncomfortable for many writers of the time because most strove to write literature that was as distant to their true selves as possible, or risk having their darkest secrets revealed in their work. Poe’s writing exemplifies his brilliant imagination through metaphors that describe his life. † (CaryaAcademy) A few examples of Poe’s work that reflected his own personal darkness are â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, which very accurately conveys they thinking process of the author, â€Å"Ligeia†, which mirrors the grief and sorrow of loss which also parallels the experiences of the author, and t he popular â€Å"The Raven†, which, apart from being a highly critical piece in Poe’s career, also echoed the author’s personal struggles with isolation and intangible fears. Apart from being personal, Poe also allowed his investigative and analytical skills to shape his literature, such as in his mystery pieces to include the â€Å"Rue Morgue† series of tales. Poe, therefore, based on what he had began and pioneered, he cannot be relegated to any ordinary writer of his time or ours because his work established standards and bars for other future writers, fictionists, and poets. Other than being a pioneer in the world of literature, Poe was also a critic of literary works and his literary criticism formed the basis for the development of literary standard and theory. Poe himself said that it is absolutely not true that a poet or fictionist cannot critique his own work. (Poe) He expounded on this by saying that even with the personal bias in a poet or a fictionist, critique of one’s own work is possible because â€Å"bad poets can only make bad critiques and good poets† will only critique â€Å"on account of his intimate acquaintance with the subject†. (Poe) Here, Poe established the theory in literary criticism which is known as self-criticism by debunking earlier assumptions that this is not possible. Poe further expresses his faith in the poet or fictionist by defending self-criticism because he knows that the objective of good poets and fictionists is not to propel oneself but to propel the field of literature, and this can never be done if one was to be overly zealous of his/her work to the extent of ignoring conventions and standards. Poe made himself known not only as an exceptional author of poetry and fiction, but also as a literary critic whose level of imagination and insight had until then been un-approached in American literature. Poe’s most prominent contribution to literature derives from the analytical method he practiced both as a creative author and as a critic of the works of his generation. He even boldly critiqued the work of classic poets like Longfellow as he said that this poet was, â€Å"He was to blame in wearing away his youth in contemplation with the end of poeticizing in his manhood His judgment consequently is too correct. † (Poe) In effect, what Poe was trying to say was that a poet would do best if he/she was to write faithfully about his own truths instead of writing about the truths that are not yet supported by experience. Hence, Poe established the necessity of a poet’s connection to his/her work and also, by saying that poetry should not be â€Å"too correct†, contributed to the convention in contemporary poetry which states that the non-problematic self belongs in classic literature and the problematic self has to be a quality of contemporary literature. Poe also recognized talent over seniority and dared to comment on the works of great writers like Coleridge and even Milton. While some would not dare point out the mistakes and shortfalls of literary masters, Poe did so with careful analysis and abundant facts and examples. Poe encouraged young and emerging writers to become bolder and more definitive of their art; not to be intimidated and even influenced by the work of senior poets and fictionists who themselves, have been known to commit mortal flaws in their work. For Poe, it was not a sin to commit a mistake in literature because literature itself with the aid of the poet or the fictionist is self-healing, for as long as the creator is sincerely dedicated to his/her creation. Finally, apart from his pioneering contributions and his critical innovations, Poe had contributed greatly to the literary corpus through the sterling pieces that he created. If not for any other reason, Poe should be studied because there is so much of his to study. Poe is a major figure in world literature based on his highly acclaimed short stories, poems, and critical theories; because of this â€Å"Poe’s tales of horror and suspense continue to influence writers today, and many of them now make their living by writing exclusively in those genres that Poe helped to define. † (Cornell University) In his lifetime, Poe was able to publish more than four hundred poems, stories, essays, and literary critiques, all of excellent quality, faithful to conventions, and pioneering in their respective genres. The body of work that Poe is known for rivals other classical writers who have, in their own right, influenced the evolution of English literature. â€Å"The literary output of Poe bears the stamp of an original genius†¦his tales are remarkable for their originality and ingenuity of construction, and in the best of them he rises to a high level of imagination. † (Adelaide University) Therefore the body of literature would never be the same again since Poe became one of its most important figures. Often works of literature, especially of horror and mystery, are put side by side with the works of Poe to ascertain their merit and integrity. The amount of work that Poe had contributed to the world of literature is enough to spark a culture all its own, hence, the emergence of the gothic genre and its propagation among young writers of today. If not for anything else, Edgar Allan Poe was a literary genius not only of his time but even of the present generation. His work should be studied by students in college literature classes so that they can fully understand and grasp his philosophical and artistic transaction which accounts for his importance in literary history. Despite some scholars arguing, on the contrary, because Poe propagates bleak and dark values one who understands the reasons behind his literary masterpieces would appreciate why Poe spent so much time in trying to verbalize the grotesque, the horrible, and the mysterious in his work – Poe was merely trying to mimic true human nature in his work. Therefore, however one views it, Poe is a mandatory requirement for any literature student or any student for that matter because of his pioneering literary attempts, his bold literary critiques, and his significant contributions to the growth and the body of English literature, in general. References: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/p/poe/edgar_allan/ http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/poe/exhibition/nevermore/ Edgar Allan Poe free essay sample A look at his life and career. (more)